Business plan for a pig farm for 50 heads

A small farm includes a pig farm for 50 heads, the business plan of which consists of several important points:

search for farm location;
selection of equipment;
purchase of pigs and feed.

These are the 3 most important stages in agricultural entrepreneurship, on which the success of a pig farm depends, since it will not operate as a home farm, but as a business. In addition to these three stages, it is important to prepare the necessary package of permits and take into account all sanitary rules and regulations.

Location and premises for the pig farm

A business plan for a pig farm for 50 or more heads involves such an important stage as finding a suitable plot of land and premises. It is important to know that pigs cannot be raised within the city; this is done outside the city limits. The reason for this is the sanitary rules and regulations adopted by the state, according to which the distance between the farm and a residential building must exceed 15 m.

The terrain for a pig farm should be flat, elevated, away from residential buildings, ponds and swampy soil. If possible, it is best to purchase or rent a plot of land near a forest. This way there will be fewer problems with drafts and strong winds, which pigs really don’t like.

The area of the premises for a farm for 50 heads must be at least 250 sq.m. This figure includes 2.5 square meters for each individual, passages between compartments, pens, utility rooms and vestibules. Since a pig farm involves raising livestock, it would be reasonable to establish a division into 3 zones inside the premises:

Area reserved for sows. Here it is necessary to create the most comfortable living conditions for livestock.
Boar area.
The area for piglets, where it is also necessary to pay attention to keeping the room warm. Piglets are very sensitive to low temperatures.

There should be a wide enough space between the compartments for personnel to work and for the passage of wheelbarrows.

In addition to these areas, walking pens and vestibules are needed. The premises must have such communications as ventilation, heating and water supply systems.

There is a misconception that pigs' homes are always dirty. Experienced farmers know that to raise healthy livestock, it is necessary to keep the premises dry and warm.

It is important to constantly maintain order and cleanliness in the pigsty, otherwise young pigs may contract an unwanted infection and get sick.

Requirements

Before building a pigsty, you need to properly plan its location:

The building should not be located in a lowland; it is better to locate it in a place where water does not reach after melting snow or prolonged heavy rainfall;
It is advisable that the pigsty is adjacent to other outbuildings, because in this case it will be warmer and there will be fewer drafts;
During construction, an area for walking animals should be provided;
Analyze the compass rose. That is, it is necessary to take into account the prevailing winds in the area so that unpleasant odors of ammonia do not reach residential premises.

Purchase of livestock

For a small farming business, fifty heads are enough, but first of all it is necessary to purchase sows, since with the help of them the pig farm business is implemented. Important points to consider when purchasing and keeping pigs:

It is necessary to purchase sows from any breeding farm; it is not advisable to purchase them directly or from third-party companies.
It is important for sows to create favorable living conditions: maintain good sanitary and epidemiological conditions in the premises, install heating, and install a ventilation system.
All pigs should be fed not only wheat, but the diet should be supplemented with mixed feed.

You should prepare for the procurement process in advance. It is also important to choose the breeds that will be bred. There is a trend in the pig farming business to merge several breeds. It is believed that hybrids adapt better to different temperature conditions and multiply longer.

Primary requirements

Before equipping a pen in which piglets will be kept, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the requirements. These include the following:

High-quality manufacturing materials. A pen for piglets should be created from high-strength and durable materials. For example, steel pipes with galvanized surface are often used to create them. They do not corrode, even if they are located indoors with high humidity levels. Metal machines are considered to be of the highest quality because, if used correctly, they will last for decades.
Can be placed anywhere in the barn. In order for the machine to be placed in a pigsty, it must be of a straight or diagonal type. These options are suitable for placement on a farm. However, it is better to give preference to straight designs, since diagonal ones are more difficult to care for.
There should be no large gaps between the walls. Such holes are considered dangerous because piglets' hooves can get stuck in them. Therefore, when making the machine, you need to be very careful and eliminate any gaps that could injure the animals.
Possibility to move the walls. Sliding structures should be installed in pigsties, as they allow large and small pigs to be kept inside. However, such products are not popular among farmers due to their high cost.

Documents for opening a pig farm

The documentation preparation stage takes a decent amount of time. For a farm of 50 heads, as well as for 100 and 200, you need to prepare:

registration of a legal entity as an individual entrepreneur or LLC or a farmer’s certificate, if any;
ready-made business plan for a pig farm;
administration resolution permitting the construction of agricultural premises;
lease agreement for agricultural land;
permission from the sanitary and epidemiological station, state supervision and state labor inspection.

To run a business, you must always monitor reporting deadlines to the tax authorities. For individual entrepreneurs using the simplified system, it is enough to keep a book of income and expenses during the year, and at the end of the year, submit a reporting declaration to the Federal Tax Service, pay insurance premiums to the Social Insurance Fund, Pension Fund.

Technical standards for assembling a pigsty for a couple of individuals

The capacity and interior arrangement of the room for artiodactyls depends on the following factors:

the type of pigs that will be kept in the barn;
number of individuals;
breed and size of the animals themselves.

A pigsty for 2 heads is a relatively small building. The depth of the pens in it will be 2.5-3 m. Area requirements for different types of pigs:

Producer boar - minimum 8 sq. m. Kept separately.
Single queen - 12-18 sq. m (pen for 3-4 individuals).
Pregnant uterus - 6-10 sq. m. Up to 4 months. Pregnancies are kept two in one pen, and then one at a time.
Fattening piglets - 0.6-2 m per head. Up to 6 individuals are raised in one pen.

Attention! Be sure to include passages at least 1.5 m wide in the area of the structure for feeding and ease of cleaning.

In a pigsty for 2 heads (boar and sow), provide a separate block for piglets. Its size is calculated according to standard standards. The height of the building depends on the type of roof:

it is more correct to make an insulated ceiling of any configuration within 1.6-1.8 m above the floor near the wall;
an ordinary flat roof is placed at a height of about 2.2 m;
Single or gable roofs with exposed beams should not be higher than 2.6 m at the top.

What specialists to hire

If we are talking about a small pig farm for 50 heads, then it is enough to have on staff:

accountant;
service staff.

But at intervals of 1-2 times a month, you should consult a veterinarian to check the health of the pigs and a livestock specialist to maintain the pig farm in normal working condition.

If over time the business expands and the entrepreneur begins to grow additional food, it will be necessary to hire an agronomist.

Preparing for work

All tools and materials must be prepared in accordance with the estimate and construction plan. It is advisable to purchase everything with a small margin in case of errors in calculations.

Tools and equipment for work you will need:

shovels - shovel and bayonet;
electric drill or hammer drill;
set of drills;
hammer;
construction tape;
technical knife;
set of spatulas;
trowels;
container for mixing the solution;
construction mixer;
plumb and level;
rags and work clothes.

Among the consumables usually purchased:

nails and other fasteners;
brick and/or cinder blocks;
crushed stone;
sand and cement;
wood - sheets, beams, slats;
insulation;
film waterproofing;
slate, corrugated board or tiles.

When everything is ready, construction can begin.

A competent pigsty design requires 2.5 m² per head

Financial calculations and payback period

An important stage for a successful business is the calculation of financial indicators of one-time and monthly expenses, income and payback period. The financial part of the pig farm business plan includes the following points:

rent of a land plot of up to 20 acres - 30,000 rubles. per month;
construction of premises - 300,000 rubles;
equipment, communications - 400,000 rubles;
purchase of 50 heads - 600,000 rubles;
purchase of feed: grain and feed additives - 10,000 rubles. per month;
computer equipment, website creation - RUB 27,000;
marketing campaigns - RUB 25,000. per month;
salary for 6 employees - 125,000 rubles. per month.

A pig farm business plan assumes exact amounts, but in reality, novice entrepreneurs always have unforeseen expenses in their budget. In addition to the indicated amounts, it is necessary to add an additional 60,000 rubles, which may be spent on solving some problems that arose during the construction of the premises, completing a package of documents, and so on.

As a result, the total financial costs of the pig farm business amount to 1.58 million rubles. Monthly costs, taking into account additional expenses, taxes, insurance premiums, and utility bills, will range from RUB 250,000.

You must understand that when opening a new farm, the first 2-3 months are spent supporting the operation of the farm, and only after this period the process of selling meat, selling piglets, and so on begins.

With continuous operation of the pig farm, the amount of monthly profit in 2-3 months will be from 400,000 rubles. Taking into account the first months of downtime, the pig farming project will pay for itself in 12 months, if we also take into account the seasonality of the pig farm’s business.

Construction of a small pig breeding farm is considered the best option for beginning entrepreneurs. If the business turns out to be successful, it is quite easy and quick to reorganize it into a large pig farm for 300 or more heads. The cost of moving to a new level of agricultural business will be from 3 million rubles, but monthly profits will also increase by 2-3 times.

Construction step by step

Only after the farmer has decided on the appropriate material, the optimal area and the best location for the future pigsty can construction begin. It consists of several stages, each of which must be carried out professionally - otherwise you will probably face serious difficulties in the future.

Foundation

Any construction begins with the construction of the foundation. If you choose LSTK, then there will be no problems here - due to the low weight of the structure, it is quite possible to get by with the cheapest and most quickly erected of them. Of course, we are talking about a pile-screw type. Having arrived at the site, specialists install the required number of piles by simply screwing them into the ground. This option is suitable for all types of soil and, importantly, does not require serious excavation work, and there is no need to wait for the cement to gain strength. Therefore, the entire work takes only a few days, which is highly appreciated by experienced customers.

When all the piles are installed, they are connected using a grillage. It will also serve as the basis for installing walls.

Walls

The basis for the walls is a special profile installed vertically. It is mounted on a grillage, and the length on the outer walls is much shorter than in the middle of the building. This is done specifically so that the roof installed on the profile has the desired slope - this allows rainwater to quickly drain away and also easily get rid of snow.

After installing the profile, it is sheathed with thin sheets of steel. They cannot boast of good thermal insulation, so subsequently (after installing the roof, windows and doors) they will be covered with sheets of thermal insulation material.

Sheets of steel are not always fitted closely to each other. Often small gaps are left at the top of the walls. Thanks to them, natural ventilation is carried out - it is especially effective in regions with strong winds.

Roof

After completing the construction of the walls, the installers begin to work on the roof. First, a sheathing is made from a specially selected profile - for this, the corresponding calculations are made. Roofing material is laid on top of the sheathing. Most often, a regular profiled sheet is used. This is a really good choice, since the material has a number of important advantages:

light weight,
high strength,
excellent frost resistance,
ease of installation.

However, the entire roof is not always covered with only corrugated sheets. In some cases, it is alternated with polycarbonate sheets. It allows sunlight to pass through, not only allowing you to save on lighting during the day, but also improving the well-being of animals - ultraviolet radiation destroys harmful bacteria, reducing the risk of disease.

Floors

The best material for flooring in a pigsty is wood. Yes, over time it rots and needs to be replaced. But it is the boards that provide the greatest comfort to animals, thanks to which they get sick less often and feel better.

It is necessary to leave small gaps between the boards, through which liquid waste enters special manure baths located under the floor. From here they are removed to the manure receptacle through special pipes that have a precisely calculated slope.

Windows and doors

The final stage of construction is the installation of windows and doors. They must be fitted very tightly to avoid drafts. They are especially dangerous in winter and for young piglets. Juveniles tolerate temperature changes extremely poorly - this can lead to illness and even death of animals.

The most commonly used windows are plastic windows, which provide the greatest airtightness and can cope with responsibilities for a long time even in conditions of high humidity.

Engineering systems

Heating

Also, when building a pigsty, one must not forget about heating. In the southern regions this is not very relevant - the temperature here rarely drops below zero for a long time. Therefore, with good insulation, you can even do without heating - animals generate quite a lot of heat to feel comfortable. In particularly harsh winters, you can use an electric heater or two to maintain the temperature at a sufficient level.

The northern regions are a completely different matter. When the outside temperature drops to -30 degrees or even lower, additional heating of the pigsty is necessary. And it is advisable to think about it in advance, at the construction stage.

The most economical type of heating is gas. Yes, it is more difficult to install than an electric one, but it allows you to efficiently heat a pigsty with minimal costs.

Ventilation

Ventilation is also one of the most important parameters. Moreover, it is vital.

A pigsty for 50 pigs produces several hundredweight of manure and urine per day. The latter, when decaying, releases ammonia. At low concentrations it is harmless and only causes mild discomfort due to its characteristic odor. But if the concentration increases sharply, inhaling it can lead to loss of consciousness and even death. And this applies to both animals and people.

In some cases, the problem is solved by simple ventilation - regular opening of windows and doors combined with ventilation slots. But it is advisable to consult with experts to find out exactly whether additional hood is needed in a particular pigsty.

Lighting

A very important factor influencing the well-being of animals and the convenience of working with them is lighting. In the summer, the problem is partly solved thanks to sunlight. But in winter, when the days are short, you will have to switch almost completely to artificial lighting.

Moreover, you need to draw up the right project in advance. It allows you to illuminate the entire area of the pigsty with a minimum number of lamps, without leaving dark corners in which work will be difficult.

Organizational plan

Any business activity is subject to registration. A beginning farmer can choose for himself such an organizational and legal form as an individual entrepreneur (with a simplified taxation system).

When premises have been found and equipment installed, you can proceed to the most important stage - the purchase of breeding stock. The most popular meat breed is Landrace

Successful operation of the project is impossible without a small staff:

pig farmer (2 people);
veterinarian (1 person);
general workers (2 people);
accountant (1 person).

The farmer can complete all these steps in 2-3 months and begin the most important thing - raising livestock.

Work staff

Sample of hiring employees according to the pig farming business plan:

№	Job title	Number of people	Salary, dollars	Payroll fund, month, dollars	Payroll fund, year, dollars
1	Pig farmers	3	140	420	5040
2	Vet	1	220	220	2640
3	Livestock specialist	1	200	200	2400
4	Workers	2	110	220	2640
5	Purchasing Manager	1	180	180	2160
Total	1240	14880

The permanent workforce will include 8 people. The salary asset per month is 1240 dollars, per year 14880 dollars. An agreement for accountant services will be concluded with the outsourcing company. The cost of this service will be $80 per month. To work effectively, different ways to motivate employees will be used.

To beat your competitors, you need to offer consumers quality products. But even in this case, you cannot do without an advertising campaign. One of the effective ways to attract customers is word of mouth. It is necessary to use other advertising methods that will help interest consumers:

advertising in institutions where technologists study;
opening an online store;
inform companies selling pig products;
advertisements in the media.

If you open an online store, you need to make sure that its pages provide maximum information regarding products that would be useful to potential customers.

conclusions

To get a good return on fattening and breeding pigs, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the construction of a pigsty. To do this you need:

Decide on a place to build a building (shed, flock) in the private sector near your home. It should not be in the lowlands. At a distance of at least 15 meters from residential premises.
Calculate the area of the pigsty in accordance with the number of desired livestock. Decide on materials. For walls it is better to use lightweight concrete, brick, shell rock or wood. For the floor - concrete or wooden boards. The roof can be covered with slate or corrugated sheeting. Be sure to insulate the ceiling.
In a frame room made of polycarbonate and other materials, you need to supply water supply, exhaust hood and lighting.
Heating in pigsties is desirable only in those regions where frosty winters cannot be tolerated any other way. Ventilation is required, artificial and natural. In areas of the country where summers are hot, pigsties must have a ventilation system.

Read about keeping pigs at home here.

conclusions

To build a pigsty, you must initially make all the calculations and draw up a plan.
When developing a project for a pig barn, you should know the number of future livestock and the purpose of their breeding. These two factors change the calculations significantly.
Pigs are fairly clean and heat-loving animals. The room for their maintenance must be warm, dry and clean. Read about the proper management of Vietnamese pigs here.
With the right approach, it will not be difficult to design and build a pigsty.
Even if initially the costs for some things seem unnecessary, in the end it will greatly simplify the process of keeping animals and will pay off over time.

Where should you start?

Before you start building the premises, you need to pay attention to all the nuances regarding the structure of the pigsty. There is a stereotype that pigs are very dirty animals and are not at all picky about cleanliness.

This opinion is extremely wrong. Pigs love dry rooms and warmth inside. Thanks to high-quality pigsties, animals get sick less, and their emotional state significantly affects the quality of products.

When planning the construction of a building for pigs, it is worth starting with a clear understanding of the purpose for which you are going to have piglets and how many. The internal arrangement of a pigsty for fattening and breeding pigs is significantly different; these factors must be taken into account before building the premises.

Location

It is necessary to purchase land from the municipality with an area of 3400 square meters. m. The acquisition and registration of the site will cost 1.2 million rubles. It is difficult to build a pig farm, so it is better to turn to specialists. They will help you arrange the room according to your requirements. It is necessary to take care of the feeding and watering systems, take care of fencing, heating, and build ventilation.

It is better to order the construction of a turnkey mini pig farm. The cost of work will cost 12,000 rubles per sq. m. m. If the total area is 1200 sq. m, order price - 14,400,000 rubles.